An independent handbook on physical AI: robot foundation models, safety and risk, deployment, hardware, simulation, and the standards that govern robots working around people.https://physicalaihandbook.com/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/what-is-physical-ai/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/what-is-physical-ai/Physical AI is AI that perceives the real world and acts on it through a machine body. What the term covers, how the stack works, and why it is hard.Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTFoundationshttps://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/vision-language-action-models-explained/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/vision-language-action-models-explained/A VLA model turns camera images and a text instruction into robot actions. How they work, how the main architectures differ, and where they fail.Thu, 12 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTRobot Modelshttps://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/robot-risk-assessment-iso-12100/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/robot-risk-assessment-iso-12100/How to run a robot risk assessment using ISO 12100: set limits, identify hazards, estimate and evaluate risk, then reduce it — and what AI changes.Tue, 10 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTSafety & Riskhttps://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/robot-safety-standards-map/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/robot-safety-standards-map/A map of robot safety standards — ISO 10218, ISO/TS 15066, ISO 3691-4, R15.08, ISO 13482 — and the EU laws behind them, by robot type.Sat, 07 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTStandards & Regulationhttps://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/robot-deployment-pilot-to-production/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/robot-deployment-pilot-to-production/Why robot pilots stall and how to avoid it: process selection, site readiness, integration, acceptance criteria, and the metrics that matter in production.Thu, 05 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTDeploymenthttps://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/sim-to-real-gap/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/sim-to-real-gap/The sim-to-real gap is the performance lost when a simulation-trained policy runs on a real robot. What causes it and the techniques used to close it.Tue, 03 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTSimulation & Datahttps://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/humanoid-robot-anatomy/https://physicalaihandbook.com/blog/humanoid-robot-anatomy/What is inside a humanoid robot: actuators and transmissions, hands, sensors, onboard compute and batteries — and how each limits capability and safety.Sun, 01 Nov 2026 00:00:00 GMTHardware